Asset sale through the statements
Sell an asset with a $160 book value for $220 at a 20% tax rate.
Income statementThe $60 gain raises taxes by $12 and net income by $48.
Cash flow statementStart with net income up $48, subtract the $60 gain from CFO, and record $220 of sale proceeds in CFI. Cash rises $208.
Balance sheetCash rises $208 and PP&E falls $160, so assets rise $48. Retained earnings rises $48.
Check: $220 proceeds less $12 tax equals a $208 cash increase.
Debt write-down
Walk through a $140 debt write-down at a 20% tax rate.
Income statementAssuming the gain is taxable, the gain is $140, taxes rise $28, and net income rises $112.
Cash flow statementSubtract the non-cash $140 gain from net income. Cash falls $28 for taxes.
Balance sheetCash falls $28 and debt falls $140, so net assets rise $112. Retained earnings rises $112.
Interview check: state the tax assumption before walking the statements.
EBITDA to unlevered free cash flow
How do you go from EBITDA to UFCF?
StartEBITDASubtract D&A to reach EBIT
Cash operating profitEBIT × (1 - tax rate)Apply cash taxes to EBIT
UFCFNOPAT + D&A - CapEx - increase in NWCAdd back non-cash D&A
Interview check: do not subtract interest because UFCF is pre-debt cash flow.